COLD FILES 020. The Netherlands, 1996 to 2024. It investigated itself harder than any other implicated state, and the one number the public remembers is the one that measures least.

COLD FILES 019. Algeria, January 1992 to February 2002. The army's non-intervention at the village massacres is beyond doubt. The reason was never established, and in 2006 a statute made the asking an offence.

COLD FILES 018. East Timor, April 1974 to October 1999. Three datasets, published error bars, and a famine-only high end that the counting body itself went on to describe in print as a total.

COLD FILES 017. Tigray, November 2020 to November 2022. A sealed region, a geographer's three-category model, and the worst case that lost its caveats on the way into the record.

COLD FILES 016. Halabja and Anfal, April 1987 to September 1988. One intelligence assessment written seven days after the gassing, an Army imprint that printed it as a conclusion, and the eighteen tons of Iraqi paper that ended the argument.

COLD FILES 015. Srebrenica, 16 April 1993 to 11 July 1995. A Security Council resolution that used the word safe and withheld the verb, a force the UN had priced and declined to buy, and the one institution that finished its job.

COLD FILES 014. Okinawa, 1 April to 22 June 1945. Four registers of the dead, a pension office that produced the civilian figure, and a famous ratio that none of them actually yields.

COLD FILES 013. Nigeria and Biafra, July 1967 to January 1970. A number published before the dying it described, a census cancelled before it could test it, and the one survey that went in and reported that the dead could not be counted.

COLD FILES 009. 25 August to 18 November 1991. The siege of Vukovar, the killings at Ovčara, and what two international courts actually found.

COLD FILES 008. 25 June 1950 to 27 July 1953. The US strategic bombing of North Korea: what the American record actually says, and why most of the statistics in circulation are wrong.

COLD FILES 007. Kenya, October 1952 to January 1960. The Pipeline, the Hola camp, and 1,500 colonial files flown out of Nairobi nine days before independence.

COLD FILES 006. Manila, 3 February to 3 March 1945. A month, a ruined capital, and a death toll that entered the historical record without a footnote.

Indonesia, 30 September 1965 to March 1966. Six months, an estimated half a million dead, a million more in camps, and a state built on both.

East Pakistan, 25 March to 16 December 1971. Nine months, ten million refugees, and a death toll two governments state a hundredfold apart.

Fifteen months of fighting for one German salient, more than a million Soviet casualties by the most conservative count, and a battle the Soviet Union kept off its own list because there was no victory in it.

Soviet Ukraine and the Kuban, August 1932 to July 1933. Most famines are described as things that happen. This one you can follow through an administrative file, decree by decree, signature by signature.

Apartment bombings that made a president. A market hit by ballistic missiles at rush hour. A siege that killed 5,000 to 8,000 civilians, a safe corridor that led into a minefield, and a UN designation no city wants. Part 2 of the Cold Files deep read on the Chechen wars: 1996 to 2009.

On New Year's Eve 1994 Russia drove four armored columns into Grozny expecting a parade. Sixty hours later a brigade had ceased to exist. Part 1 of the Cold Files deep read on the Chechen wars: the assault, the siege, Samashki, Budyonnovsk, and how 1,500 fighters took a garrisoned city back from an army.